![]() According to this rule, every element present in groups 1-17 (the main groups) tends to attain octet configuration in their valence shells like those of noble gas elements.įor example, Nitrogen will tend to have a Neon configuration and Chlorine will tend to have an Argon configuration. Here comes the role of a very necessary concept: the Octet rule. Now, we will put the valence electrons around each constituent atom and the diagram will look like this: So, we will have carbon as the central atom in formic acid. However, hydrogen tends to stay at the corners and does not become the central atom owing to having only one valence electron. Total number of valence electrons = 1*2 + 4*1 + 6*2 = 18.Īmong the three elements, hydrogen has the least electronegativity value, carbon comes second and oxygen has the highest value.Īccording to the general rule, the least electronegative element must take the central position. Hydrogen belongs to group 1 and has only 1 electron in its outermost shell (valence electron). Oxygen belongs to group 16 (chalcogen family) and has 6 valence electrons. Here, we have a picture of the modern Periodic Table.Īs we can see, carbon has a valency of 4 and has 4 valence electrons. In HCOOH or methanoic acid, we have two hydrogen atoms, one carbon atom, and one two oxygen atom. Here, we use the concept of valence electrons to find out the type of bond formation. Lewis Structure gives us a step-by-step procedure to sketch the 2D schematic representation of a given molecule. If we want to find out the nature of chemical bonding inside any polyatomic molecule, we need to draw the Lewis Structure. Let us now learn about the chemical bonding of this carboxylic acid compound. Other than this, HCOOH can be used in leather production and dyeing industries, as miticides and anti-bacterial agents. It is used as fuel cells and also as a component of the mobile phase of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography methods. It appears as a colorless fuming liquid that bears a pungent, penetrating odor. In laboratory preparation, the necessary chemical reactions are:įormic acid has a 47.018 g/mol molecular weight and a density of 1.220 g/ml. We prepare HCOOH in industries via the below-mentioned equations: It is also known as methanoic acid.ĭo you know that formic acid can naturally occur in several species of insect kingdom like ants and stingless bees? Formic acid has the chemical formula of HCOOH or CH2O2 where a hydrogen atom is attached to the -COOH group to form the simplest carboxylic acid.
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